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I.HISTORY OF NICKEL PLATING 镀镍的历史
l 1878 - Weston - U. S. patent - 211,071 using boric acid;申请了硼酸镀镍的专利(美国专利 211,071);
l 1906 - Bancroft - use of chlorides;使用氯化物;
l 1916 - O. P. Watts - the first standard formulation for high current density;第一个高电 流密度的槽液标准配方;
l 1936 - Schlotter - first real bright nickel plating process;第一次真正的光亮镍电镀工艺;
l 1945 - Harshaw - U. S patent for semi-bright using coumarin;香豆素用于镀半光亮镍申请了美国专利;
II.NICKEL PROCESS 镀镍工艺
A.TYPES OF NICKEL SOLUTIONS.镍溶液的种类
a) NICKEL STRIKE (WOOD’S) 预镀镍(WOOD’S)
b) NICKEL STRIKE (WATT’S)预镀镍(WATT’S)
c) SEMI BRIGHT NICKEL 半光亮镍
d) HIGH SULFUR NICKEL STRIKE 高硫镍
e) BRIGHT NICKEL 光亮镍
f) MICROPOROUS NICKEL 微孔镍(镍封)
g) NOBLE NICKEL 电位较正的镍层
h) NICKEL SULPHAMATE 氨基磺酸镍
i) ELECTROLESS NICKEL 化学沉镍
B.EFFECT OF METALLIC IMPURITIES 金属杂质的影响
a) CHROMIUM铬 10 - 20 PPM
l LOSS OF EFFICIENCY 效率降低
l DECREASE DUCTILITY 降低延展性
l DECREASE CORROSION RESISTANCE 防腐性降低
l LOSS OF THROWING POWER 均镀能力减少
l PEELING AND BRITTLENESS 剥落及脆性
l MISPLATE 漏镀
REMEDY补救方法
l HIGH pH TREATMENT WITH REDUCING AGENTS 使用还原剂并高pH处理.
b) COPPER铜 10 - 20 PPM
l GREYNESS IN LOW C.D. AREA低电流密度区发灰
l DECREASE CORROSION RESISTANCE防腐性降低
l DECREASE DUCTILITY延展性减低
l ROUGHNESS 粗糙
l GRAINY DEPOSITS 镀层出现纹路
REMEDY补救
l ELECTROLYTIC PURIFICATION AT 2-5 A/ft2 在2-5 A/ft2下电解
c) IRON铁 50 - 100 PPM
l PITTING 针孔
l DECREASE CORROSION RESISTANCE耐蚀性降低
l DECREASE DUCTILITY延展性变差
l ROUGHNESS 粗糙
REMEDY补救
l HIGH pH, PEROXIDE TREATMENT 双氧水,高pH处理
d) ZINC锌 10 - 20 PPM
l DARKNESS IN LOW C.D. AREA 低电流密度下发黑
l DECREASE DUCTILITY 延展性差
l STEP PLATE IN LOW C.D. AREA 在低电流密度区镀层起台阶
REMEDY补救
l ELECTROLYTIC PURIFICATION AT 2-5 A/ft2在2-5 A/ft2下电解
e) CALCIUM钙 > 500 PPM
l PRECIPITATE AS CALCIUM SULPHATE 作为硫酸钙沉淀
l NEEDLE LIKE CRYSTALS, CAUSES ROUGHNESS 形成像晶体一样的针状物,会导致粗糙/毛刺.
l CLOGS UP AIR LINES 堵塞空气管
l INTRODUCED FROM HARD WATER 由硬水引起
REMEDY补救
l USE DEIONIZED WATER 用去离子水
l HIGH TEMP FILTRATION 用高温过滤器
l SODIUM BIFLUORIDE TREATMENT 用氟化钠处理
f) ALUMINIUM 铝> 50 PPM
l DULLNESS 发暗
l ROUGHNESS 粗糙
l SPONGY DEPOSITS 海绵状的沉积
REMEDY补救
l HIGH pH TREATMENT 高酸碱度下处理
g) ORGANIC IMPURITIES有机杂质 有机杂质
TYPES种类
l GREASE AND OIL 油脂
l BUFFING COMPOUND 抛光腊
l DRAWING COMPOUNDS 油墨类
l INADEQUATELY DE-SIZED ANODE BAGS 阳极袋的填充料
l EXCESS ADDITION AGENTS 过多的添加剂
l BRIGHTENER BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS 光亮剂分解产物
REMEDY补救
l CARBON, PEROXIDE TREATMENT 碳、过氧化物处理